CARA PELAKSANAAN

Kit Manipulatif Action Potential atau KMAP terdiri daripada potongan-potongan ion yang berwarna-warni dan kad manila dengan semua komponen membran sel neuron serta  keluk graf action potential.

Kit Manipulatif Action Potential-KMAP

 

Pelajar dibahagikan kepada kumpulan (minimum 2 orang sekumpulan) dan setiap kumpulan diberikan satu ’Kit Manipulatif action potential’ atau  ’KMAP’.  

Para pelajar akan mengikuti arahan, langkah demi langkah untuk melihat bagaimana ion bergerak dalam fasa yang berbeza semasa resting potential, action potential; depolarization, repolarization dan hyperpolarization. (APPENDIX1)


Di samping itu, para pelajar juga perlu menjawab soalan-soalan yang berkaitan dalam setiap langkah semasa aktiviti dijalankan. 
(APPENDIX 1)



Terdapat enam fasa pergerakan ion mengikut keluk graf action potential. Fasa 1 hingga 5 mempunyai beberapa soalan yang perlu dijawab oleh pelajar.  Soalan-soalan ini membantu pelajar untuk menerangkan pergerakan ion bagi setiap fasa.  (APPENDIX  2) 



Pensyarah berperanan sebagai fasilitator dalam perbincangan pelajar. Keadaan ini secara tidak langsung dapat membantu pelajar untuk membuat hubungkait di antara satu fasa dengan fasa yang seterusnya.   

ACTION POTENTIAL MANIPULATIVE KIT (KMAP) instruction

Follow the instruction and answer the question given.

Phase 1

·         Close both Na⁺ gated channel and K⁺  gated channel.

·         Place 11 Na⁺   and 4 K⁺ on the outside of the neuron.

·         Place 1 Na⁺  and 11 K⁺  on the inside  of the neuron

PHASE 1

    Questions

i.              What is the name of this phase? Place the label on the graph.

ii.             Which part of the axon is more positive or more negative? Give reason for your answer.

       

Phase 2

·         Open one Na⁺ gated channel. K⁺ gated channel remain close. Move 1 Na⁺  ion across the gated channel   

PHASE 2

Phase 3

·         As the first Na⁺   move down the axon, open the second Na⁺ gated channel, move 9 more Na⁺   into the axon.

PHASE 3

Questions

i.              What is the name of this phase? Place the label on the graph.

ii.             Which part of the axon is more positive or more negative?

Give reason for your answer.

iii.            The opening of one Na⁺ gated channel stimulates other Na⁺ gated channel to open.  More Na⁺ move into the axon.  What is the name of the process?

iv.           What will happen if depolarization does not reach threshold level?

Phase 4

·         Close both Na⁺ gated channels.

·         Open K⁺ gated channel.

·         Move 6 K⁺ out of the axon.

PHASE 4

Questions

i.              What is the name of this phase? Place the label on the graph.

Phase 5

·         Na⁺ gated channel remain close.

·         K⁺ gated channel close slowly.

·         Move 5 K⁺ out of the axon.

PHASE 5

Questions

i.              What is the name of this phase? Place the label on the graph.

Phase 6

·         Move 3  Na⁺   out of the axon and 2 K⁺   into the axon using sodium potassium pump until all the ions are back where they started

PHASE 6